{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T21:46:49Z","timestamp":1776289609294,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]],"date-time":"2021-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19-19-00076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-19-00076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Many small biological objects, such as viruses, survive in a water environment and cannot remain active in dry air without condensation of water vapor. From a physical point of view, these objects belong to the mesoscale, where small thermal fluctuations with the characteristic kinetic energy of kBT (where kB is the Boltzmann\u2019s constant and T is the absolute temperature) play a significant role. The self-assembly of viruses, including protein folding and the formation of a protein capsid and lipid bilayer membrane, is controlled by hydrophobic forces (i.e., the repulsing forces between hydrophobic particles and regions of molecules) in a water environment. Hydrophobic forces are entropic, and they are driven by a system\u2019s tendency to attain the maximum disordered state. On the other hand, in information systems, entropic forces are responsible for erasing information, if the energy barrier between two states of a switch is on the order of kBT, which is referred to as Landauer\u2019s principle. We treated hydrophobic interactions responsible for the self-assembly of viruses as an information-processing mechanism. We further showed a similarity of these submicron-scale processes with the self-assembly in colloidal crystals, droplet clusters, and liquid marbles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e23020181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]],"date-time":"2021-01-30T21:15:51Z","timestamp":1612041351000},"page":"181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Survival of Virus Particles in Water Droplets: Hydrophobic Forces and Landauer\u2019s Principle"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1356-2486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Bormashenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Engineering Science Faculty, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6595-3927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander A.","family":"Fedorets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"X-BIO Institute, University of Tyumen, 6 Volodarskogo St, 625003 Tyumen, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6290-019X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonid A.","family":"Dombrovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"X-BIO Institute, University of Tyumen, 6 Volodarskogo St, 625003 Tyumen, Russia"},{"name":"Joint Institute for High Temperatures, 17A Krasnokazarmennaya St, 111116 Moscow, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0980-3670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Nosonovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"X-BIO Institute, University of Tyumen, 6 Volodarskogo St, 625003 Tyumen, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee, 3200 North Cramer St, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-00974-w","article-title":"Is the coronavirus airborne? 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