{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T17:06:38Z","timestamp":1763831198616,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>When a parameter quench is performed in an isolated quantum system with a complete set of constants of motion, its out of equilibrium dynamics is considered to be well captured by the Generalized Gibbs Ensemble (GGE), characterized by a set {\u03bb\u03b1} of coefficients related to the constants of motion. We determine the most elementary GGE deviation from the equilibrium distribution that leads to detectable effects. By quenching a suitable local attractive potential in a one-dimensional electron system, the resulting GGE differs from equilibrium by only one single \u03bb\u03b1, corresponding to the emergence of an only partially occupied bound state lying below a fully occupied continuum of states. The effect is shown to induce optical gain, i.e., a negative peak in the absorption spectrum, indicating the stimulated emission of radiation, enabling one to identify GGE signatures in fermionic systems through optical measurements. We discuss the implementation in realistic setups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e23020220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T16:12:10Z","timestamp":1613146330000},"page":"220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Signature of Generalized Gibbs Ensemble Deviation from Equilibrium: Negative Absorption Induced by a Local Quench"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Rossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Dolcini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Cavaliere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"SPIN-CNR, 16146 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niccol\u00f2","family":"Traverso Ziani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"SPIN-CNR, 16146 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maura","family":"Sassetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"SPIN-CNR, 16146 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6729-0928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fausto","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136801","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.96.136801","article-title":"Time Dependence of Correlation Functions Following a Quantum Quench","volume":"96","author":"Calabrese","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. 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