{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T03:03:33Z","timestamp":1771038213070,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001824","name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GA19-16066S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GA19-16066S"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004240","name":"Akademie V\u011bd \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Praemium Academiae awarded to M. Palus"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Praemium Academiae awarded to M. Palus"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004240","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An information-theoretic approach for detecting causality and information transfer is used to identify interactions of solar activity and interplanetary medium conditions with the Earth\u2019s magnetosphere\u2013ionosphere systems. A causal information transfer from the solar wind parameters to geomagnetic indices is detected. The vertical component of the interplanetary magnetic field (Bz) influences the auroral electrojet (AE) index with an information transfer delay of 10 min and the geomagnetic disturbances at mid-latitudes measured by the symmetric field in the H component (SYM-H) index with a delay of about 30 min. Using a properly conditioned causality measure, no causal link between AE and SYM-H, or between magnetospheric substorms and magnetic storms can be detected. The observed causal relations can be described as linear time-delayed information transfer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e23040390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T14:51:12Z","timestamp":1616683872000},"page":"390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Causality and Information Transfer Between the Solar Wind and the Magnetosphere\u2013Ionosphere System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2502-5055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pouya","family":"Manshour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Complex Systems, Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Vod\u00e1renskou v\u011b\u017e\u00ed 2, 182 07 Prague 8, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7342-0557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Balasis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing, National Observatory of Athens, I. Metaxa &amp; Vas. Pavlou Street, 15236 Penteli, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3403-647X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Consolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, 00133 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Constantinos","family":"Papadimitriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing, National Observatory of Athens, I. Metaxa &amp; Vas. Pavlou Street, 15236 Penteli, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografos, 15784 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Space Applications &amp; Research Consultancy, SPARC P.C., 10551 Athens, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8474-1436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milan","family":"Palu\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Complex Systems, Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Vod\u00e1renskou v\u011b\u017e\u00ed 2, 182 07 Prague 8, Czech Republic"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.12942\/lrsp-2006-2","article-title":"Space weather: The solar perspective","volume":"3","author":"Schwenn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Living Rev. Sol. 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