{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T23:06:21Z","timestamp":1773788781905,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51779262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51779262"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Using finite time thermodynamic theory, an irreversible steady-flow Lenoir cycle model is established, and expressions of power output and thermal efficiency for the model are derived. Through numerical calculations, with the different fixed total heat conductances (UT) of two heat exchangers, the maximum powers (Pmax), the maximum thermal efficiencies (\u03b7max), and the corresponding optimal heat conductance distribution ratios (uLP(opt)) and (uL\u03b7(opt)) are obtained. The effects of the internal irreversibility are analyzed. The results show that, when the heat conductances of the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers are constants, the corresponding power output and thermal efficiency are constant values. When the heat source temperature ratio (\u03c4) and the effectivenesses of the heat exchangers increase, the corresponding power output and thermal efficiency increase. When the heat conductance distributions are the optimal values, the characteristic relationships of P-uL and \u03b7-uL are parabolic-like ones. When UT is given, with the increase in \u03c4, the Pmax, \u03b7max, uLP(opt), and uL\u03b7(opt) increase. When \u03c4 is given, with the increase in UT, Pmax and \u03b7max increase, while uLP(opt) and uL\u03b7(opt) decrease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e23040425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T04:13:51Z","timestamp":1617336831000},"page":"425","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Power and Thermal Efficiency Optimization of an Irreversible Steady-Flow Lenoir Cycle"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ruibo","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China"},{"name":"School of Mechanical &amp; Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanlin","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China"},{"name":"School of Mechanical &amp; Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9012-6736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China"},{"name":"School of Mechanical &amp; Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huijun","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China"},{"name":"School of Mechanical &amp; Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhixiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China"},{"name":"School of Mechanical &amp; Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1021\/ar00104a001","article-title":"Thermodynamics for processes in finite time","volume":"17","author":"Andresen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acc. 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