{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T22:42:37Z","timestamp":1781649757002,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We consider a quantum battery that is based on a two-level system coupled with a cavity radiation by means of a two-photon interaction. Various figures of merit, such as stored energy, average charging power, energy fluctuations, and extractable work are investigated, considering, as possible initial conditions for the cavity, a Fock state, a coherent state, and a squeezed state. We show that the first state leads to better performances for the battery. However, a coherent state with the same average number of photons, even if it is affected by stronger fluctuations in the stored energy, results in quite interesting performance, in particular since it allows for almost completely extracting the stored energy as usable work at short enough times.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e23050612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]],"date-time":"2021-05-16T23:17:16Z","timestamp":1621207036000},"page":"612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Characterization of a Two-Photon Quantum Battery: Initial Conditions, Stability and Work Extraction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Delmonte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alba","family":"Crescente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"SPIN-CNR, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Carrega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SPIN-CNR, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Ferraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"SPIN-CNR, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maura","family":"Sassetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"SPIN-CNR, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.83.771","article-title":"Colloquium: Quantum fluctuation relations: Foundations and applications","volume":"83","author":"Campisi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. 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