{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T04:40:06Z","timestamp":1771044006217,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Health of the Basque Government","award":["2016111009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016111009"]}]},{"name":"Department of Health of the Basque Government","award":["2020333033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020333033"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI16\/00005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI16\/00005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research","award":["BIO17\/ND\/010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIO17\/ND\/010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Disentangling the cellular anatomy that gives rise to human visual perception is one of the main challenges of ophthalmology. Of particular interest is the foveal pit, a concave depression located at the center of the retina that captures light from the gaze center. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in studying the morphology of the foveal pit by extracting geometrical features from optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. Despite this, research has devoted little attention to comparing existing approaches for two key methodological steps: the location of the foveal center and the mathematical modelling of the foveal pit. Building upon a dataset of 185 healthy subjects imaged twice, in the present paper the image alignment accuracy of four different foveal center location methods is studied in the first place. Secondly, state-of-the-art foveal pit mathematical models are compared in terms of fitting error, repeatability, and bias. The results indicate the importance of using a robust foveal center location method to align images. Moreover, we show that foveal pit models can improve the agreement between different acquisition protocols. Nevertheless, they can also introduce important biases in the parameter estimates that should be considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e23060699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T15:58:44Z","timestamp":1622563124000},"page":"699","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Foveal Pit Morphology Characterization: A Quantitative Analysis of the Key Methodological Steps"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5394-2892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Romero-Bascones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering (MU-ENG), Mondragon Unibertsitatea, 20500 Mondrag\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0149-6944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maitane","family":"Barrenechea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering (MU-ENG), Mondragon Unibertsitatea, 20500 Mondrag\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9808-6943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ane","family":"Murueta-Goyena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain"},{"name":"Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4422-2038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Gald\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4697-3890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"G\u00f3mez-Esteban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6045-2840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I\u00f1igo","family":"Gabilondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain"},{"name":"IKERBASQUE: The Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1079-752X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Unai","family":"Ayala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering (MU-ENG), Mondragon Unibertsitatea, 20500 Mondrag\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1511\/2003.11.28","article-title":"How the Retina Works","volume":"91","author":"Kolb","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. 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