{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:11:28Z","timestamp":1760235088287,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since the 1960s, many rivers have been destroyed as a consequence of the process of rapid urbanization. As accurate figures are important to repair rivers, there have been many research reports on methods to obtain the exact river slope and elevation. Until now, many research efforts have analyzed the river using measured river topographic factors, but when the flow velocity changes rapidly, such as during a flood, surveying is not easy; and due to cost, frequent measurements are difficult. Previous research has focused on the cross section of the river, so the information on the river longitudinal profile is insufficient. In this research, using informational entropy theory, equations are presented that can calculate the average river slope, river slope, and river longitudinal elevation for a river basin in real time. The applicability was analyzed through a comparison with the measured data of river characteristic factors obtained from the river plan. The parameters were calculated using informational entropy theory and nonlinear regression analysis using actual data, and then the longitudinal elevation entropy equation for each river and the average river slope were calculated. As a result of analyzing the applicability of the equations presented in this study by R2 and Root Mean Square Error, all R2 values were over 0.80, while RMSE values were analyzed to be between 0.54 and 2.79. Valid results can be obtained by calculating river characteristic factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e23080965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T12:18:31Z","timestamp":1627388311000},"page":"965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Research on the Longitudinal Section of River Restoration Using Probabilistic Theory"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4255-5621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeon-Moon","family":"Choo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji-Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ik-Tae","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"Han, S.M., and Park, T.S. (2009). The comparative analysis of LiDAR data and actual measurement data. J. Korea Soc. Geospat. Inf. Syst., 72\u201377.","key":"ref_1"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5231","DOI":"10.1029\/JZ069i024p05231","article-title":"A Statistical Mechanical Prediction of the Dimensionless Unit Hydrograph","volume":"24","author":"Lienhard","year":"1964","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1057\/jors.1970.48","article-title":"The use of the concept of entropy in system modeling","volume":"21","author":"Wilson","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Oper. Res. Soc."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leopold, L.B., and Langbein, W.B. (1962). 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Eng."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1029\/92WR02332","article-title":"An Entropy-based Morphological Analysis of River Basin Networks","volume":"29","author":"Fiorentino","year":"1993","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1694(96)03092-2","article-title":"Informational entropy of fractal river networks","volume":"187","author":"Claps","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mirauda, D., Pannone, M., and de Vincenzo, A. (2018). An entropic model for the assessment of stream-wise velocity dip in wide open channels. Entropy, 20.","key":"ref_13","DOI":"10.3390\/e20010069"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.18869\/acadpub.jafm.73.238.26403","article-title":"Prediction of velocity-dip-position at the central section of open channels using entropy theory","volume":"10","author":"Kundu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Fluid Mech."}],"container-title":["Entropy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/23\/8\/965\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:35:41Z","timestamp":1760164541000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/23\/8\/965"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["e23080965"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e23080965","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-4300"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1099-4300"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]}}}