{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:13:33Z","timestamp":1760235213521,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We consider the negotiation problem, in which an agent negotiates on behalf of a principal. Our considerations are focused on the Inspire negotiation support system in which the principal\u2019s preferences are visualised by circles. In this way, the principal describes the importance of each negotiation issue and the relative utility of each considered option. The paper proposes how this preference information may be implemented by the agent for determining a scoring function used to support decisions throughout the negotiation process. The starting point of our considerations is a discussion regarding the visualisation of the principal\u2019s preferences. We assume here that the importance of each issue and the utility of each option increases with the size of the circle representing them. The imprecise meaning of the notion of \u201ccircle size\u201d implies that in a considered case, the utility of an option should be evaluated by a fuzzy number. The proposed utility fuzzification is justified by a simple analysis of results obtained from the empirical prenegotiation experiment. A novel method is proposed to determine trapezoidal fuzzy numbers, which evaluates an option\u2019s utility using a series of answers given by the participants of the experiment. The utilities obtained this way are applied to determine the fuzzy scoring function for an agent. By determining such a common generalised fuzzy scoring system, our approach helps agents handle the differences in human cognitive processes associated with understanding the principal\u2019s preferences. This work is the first approach to fuzzification of the preferences in the Inspire negotiation support system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e23080981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T21:21:21Z","timestamp":1627593681000},"page":"981","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Fuzzy Representation of Principal\u2019s Preferences in Inspire Negotiation Support System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9629-4167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Piasecki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Economics and Finance, WSB University in Poznan, 60-005 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2249-7217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Roszkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Economics and Finance, University of Bia\u0142ystok, 15-062 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Wachowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operations Research, University of Economics in Katowice, 40-287 Katowice, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3041-4063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marzena","family":"Filipowicz-Chomko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6011-7855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"\u0141yczkowska-Han\u0107kowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Economics and Finance, WSB University in Poznan, 60-005 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Raiffa, H., Richardson, J., and Metcalfe, D. 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