{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T08:52:23Z","timestamp":1770540743071,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61902091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61902091"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"project ZR2019MF054 supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["ZR2019MF054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2019MF054"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HIT.NSRIF.2020099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HIT.NSRIF.2020099"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>For efficiency and security of image transmission and storage, the joint image compression and encryption method that performs compression and encryption in a single step is a promising solution due to better security. Moreover, on some important occasions, it is necessary to save images in high quality by lossless compression. Thus, a joint lossless image compression and encryption scheme based on a context-based adaptive lossless image codec (CALIC) and hyperchaotic system is proposed to achieve lossless image encryption and compression simultaneously. Making use of the characteristics of CALIC, four encryption locations are designed to realize joint image compression and encryption: encryption for the predicted values of pixels based on gradient-adjusted prediction (GAP), encryption for the final prediction error, encryption for two lines of pixel values needed by prediction mode and encryption for the entropy coding file. Moreover, a new four-dimensional hyperchaotic system and plaintext-related encryption based on table lookup are all used to enhance the security. The security tests show information entropy, correlation and key sensitivity of the proposed methods reach 7.997, 0.01 and 0.4998, respectively. This indicates that the proposed methods have good security. Meanwhile, compared to original CALIC without security, the proposed methods increase the security and reduce the compression ratio by only 6.3%. The test results indicate that the proposed methods have high security and good lossless compression performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e23081096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T10:24:17Z","timestamp":1629714257000},"page":"1096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Joint Lossless Image Compression and Encryption Scheme Based on CALIC and Hyperchaotic System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Miao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Penghui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China"},{"name":"Agricultural Bank of China, Beijing 100089, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140876","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3012912","article-title":"Chaos-Based Confusion and Diffusion of Image Pixels Using Dynamic Substitution","volume":"8","author":"Qayyum","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, S., and Wang, G. 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