{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T00:27:29Z","timestamp":1773448049895,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, there has been enormous development due to advancements in technology. Industries and enterprises are moving towards a digital system, and the oil and gas industries are no exception. There are several threats and risks in digital systems, which are controlled through cyber-security. For the first time in the theory of fuzzy sets, this research analyzes the relationships between cyber-security and cyber-crimes in the oil and gas sectors. The novel concepts of complex intuitionistic fuzzy relations (CIFRs) are introduced. Moreover, the types of CIFRs are defined and their properties are discussed. In addition, an application is presented that uses the Hasse diagram to make a decision regarding the most suitable cyber-security techniques to implement in an industry. Furthermore, the omnipotence of the proposed methods is explained by a comparative study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e23091112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T09:53:23Z","timestamp":1630058003000},"page":"1112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Investigation of Cyber-Security and Cyber-Crimes in Oil and Gas Sectors Using the Innovative Structures of Complex Intuitionistic Fuzzy Relations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Naeem","family":"Jan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Institute of Numerical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Nasir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Institute of Numerical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohsin","family":"Alhilal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STC\u2019s Artificial Intelligence Chair, Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sami","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Institute of Numerical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8522-1942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dragan","family":"Pamucar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Logistics, Military Academy, University of Defence in Belgrade, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6794-5701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"Alothaim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STC\u2019s Artificial Intelligence Chair, Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Klir, G.J., and Folger, T.A. 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