{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T03:16:10Z","timestamp":1773803770636,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]],"date-time":"2021-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We used the blast wave model with the Boltzmann\u2013Gibbs statistics and analyzed the experimental data measured by the NA61\/SHINE Collaboration in inelastic (INEL) proton\u2013proton collisions at different rapidity slices at different center-of-mass energies. The particles used in this study were \u03c0+, \u03c0\u2212, K+, K\u2212, and p\u00af. We extracted the kinetic freeze-out temperature, transverse flow velocity, and kinetic freeze-out volume from the transverse momentum spectra of the particles. We observed that the kinetic freeze-out temperature is rapidity and energy dependent, while the transverse flow velocity does not depend on them. Furthermore, we observed that the kinetic freeze-out volume is energy dependent, but it remains constant with changing the rapidity. We also observed that all three parameters are mass dependent. In addition, with the increase of mass, the kinetic freeze-out temperature increases, and the transverse flow velocity, as well as kinetic freeze-out volume decrease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e23101363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T01:23:46Z","timestamp":1634693026000},"page":"1363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Study of Kinetic Freeze-Out Parameters as a Function of Rapidity in pp Collisions at CERN SPS Energies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2799-0262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Waqas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huai-Min","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guang-Xiong","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4941-5154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abd Al Karim","family":"Haj Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Science, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center (NDRC), Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1258-6910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ajaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zafar","family":"Wazir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramoona","family":"Shehzadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabiha","family":"Jamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9231-970X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atef","family":"AbdelKader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Science, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center (NDRC), Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s002880050551","article-title":"Thermal hadron production in p p and p anti-p collisions","volume":"76","author":"Becattini","year":"1997","journal-title":"Z. Phys. C"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5356705","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5356705","article-title":"Excitation functions of related parameters from transverse momentum (mass) spectra in high energy collisions","volume":"2020","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. 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