{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T23:46:06Z","timestamp":1771458366948,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Quality assessment of stitched images is an important element of many virtual reality and remote sensing applications where the panoramic images may be used as a background as well as for navigation purposes. The quality of stitched images may be decreased by several factors, including geometric distortions, ghosting, blurring, and color distortions. Nevertheless, the specificity of such distortions is different than those typical for general-purpose image quality assessment. Therefore, the necessity of the development of new objective image quality metrics for such type of emerging applications becomes obvious. The method proposed in the paper is based on the combination of features used in some recently proposed metrics with the results of the local and global image entropy analysis. The results obtained applying the proposed combined metric have been verified using the ISIQA database, containing 264 stitched images of 26 scenes together with the respective subjective Mean Opinion Scores, leading to a significant increase of its correlation with subjective evaluation results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e23111525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T02:42:28Z","timestamp":1637116948000},"page":"1525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Entropy-Based Combined Metric for Automatic Objective Quality Assessment of Stitched Panoramic Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6721-3241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Okarma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Signal Processing and Multimedia Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-313 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9564-3062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Chlewicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Signal Processing and Multimedia Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-313 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mateusz","family":"Kopytek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Signal Processing and Multimedia Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-313 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1092-1279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beata","family":"Marciniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Telecommunications, Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1443-9685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Lukin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Technologies, National Aerospace University, 61070 Kharkov, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"052025","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/569\/5\/052025","article-title":"Image Stitching Algorithm for Drones Based on SURF-GHT","volume":"569","author":"Duan","year":"2019","journal-title":"IOP Conf. 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