{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:41:14Z","timestamp":1760402474581,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One of the goals of macroeconomic analysis is to rank and segment enterprises described by many financial indicators. The segmentation can be used for investment strategies or risk evaluation. The aim of this research was to distinguish groups of similar objects and visualize the results in a low dimensional space. In order to obtain clusters of similar objects, the authors applied a DEA BCC model and archetypal analysis for a set of companies described by financial indicators and listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The authors showed that both methods give consistent results. To get a better insight into the data structure as well as a visualization of the similarities between objects, the authors used a new approach called the PHATE algorithm. It allowed the results of DEA and archetypal analysis to be visualized in a low dimensional space.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e24010088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T03:41:32Z","timestamp":1641440492000},"page":"88","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Archetypal Analysis and DEA Model, Their Application on Financial Data and Visualization with PHATE"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Urszula","family":"Grzybowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Informatics and Mathematics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5192-7920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Karwa\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Informatics and Mathematics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(78)90138-8","article-title":"Measuring the efficiency of decision making units","volume":"2","author":"Charnes","year":"1978","journal-title":"Eur. 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Proceedings of the 19th Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA 2008), Cape Town, South Africa."}],"container-title":["Entropy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/24\/1\/88\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:36:27Z","timestamp":1760362587000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/24\/1\/88"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["e24010088"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e24010088","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-4300"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1099-4300"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]}}}