{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T08:02:35Z","timestamp":1774598555768,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Program of Fundamental Research in the Russian Federation for 2021\u20132030 period","award":["121052600299-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["121052600299-1"]}]},{"name":"Sevastopol State University","award":["44\/06-31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["44\/06-31"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Some problems of describing biological systems with the use of entropy as a measure of the complexity of these systems are considered. Entropy is studied both for the organism as a whole and for its parts down to the molecular level. Correlation of actions of various parts of the whole organism, intercellular interactions and control, as well as cooperativity on the microlevel lead to a more complex structure and lower statistical entropy. For a multicellular organism, entropy is much lower than entropy for the same mass of a colony of unicellular organisms. Cooperativity always reduces the entropy of the system; a simple example of ligand binding to a macromolecule carrying two reaction centers shows how entropy is consistent with the ambiguity of the result in the Bernoulli test scheme. Particular attention is paid to the qualitative and quantitative relationship between the entropy of the system and the cooperativity of ligand binding to macromolecules. A kinetic model of metabolism. corresponding to Schr\u00f6dinger\u2019s concept of the maintenance biosystems by \u201cnegentropy feeding\u201d, is proposed. This model allows calculating the nonequilibrium local entropy and comparing it with the local equilibrium entropy inherent in non-living matter.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e24020172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T20:38:58Z","timestamp":1643143138000},"page":"172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Use of the Statistical Entropy in Some New Approaches for the Description of Biosystems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Vladimir V.","family":"Aristov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dorodnicyn Computing Centre, Federal Research Center \u201cComputer Science and Control\u201d of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 40, 119333 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1853-4671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anatoly S.","family":"Buchelnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, Sevastopol State University, Universitetskaya Str. 33, 299053 Sevastopol, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6976-1655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yury D.","family":"Nechipurenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of DNA\u2013Protein Recognition, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Natal:, J., \u00c1vila, I., Tsukahara, V.B., Pinheiro, M., and Maciel, C.D. 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