{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T03:03:48Z","timestamp":1760151828440,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003787","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G2020208002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2020208002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003787","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Humanities and Social Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department","award":["SQ2021138","SQ201106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SQ2021138","SQ201106"]}]},{"name":"Youth Top Talent Project of Research Project of Humanities and Social Sciences in Colleges and Universities of Hebei Province","award":["BJ2021088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BJ2021088"]}]},{"name":"Soft Science Research Project of Innovation Capacity Promotion Program of Hebei Province","award":["21557629D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21557629D"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we discuss the decision optimization of tourism projects in Hebei Province, China. To improve the process of analyzing tourism projects, we introduce a model that includes multiple decision makers as subjects based on a standard four-dimensional evaluation system. In order to improve the effectiveness of decision-making results, we will increase the number of decision makers to 40. A novel large-scale group decision-making (LSGDM) algorithm that incorporates the trust\u2013distrust asymmetric relationships between decision makers is proposed. This model contains three main innovations: firstly, in the evaluation of decision makers\u2019 social network relations, the trust\u2013distrust value is introduced as a new carrier, and a weighted directed network and data integration operator are constructed based on the evaluation between decision makers; secondly, an extended Girvan-Newman (GN) algorithm is constructed to cluster the decision makers from this weighted network; thirdly, the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy number (IVIFN) is used to evaluate the alternatives, studying the IVIFN\u2019s geometric significance by placing in a rectangular coordinate system. Finally, a new LSGDM model is proposed. Using the development of a cultural tourism project in a township as an example, the effectiveness of the proposed model is illustrated. By comparing the results of our method to those of a LSGDM algorithm that does not incorporate trust relationships, we assess the performance of the new model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e24050588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,23]],"date-time":"2022-04-23T08:14:06Z","timestamp":1650701646000},"page":"588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Geometric-Based LSGDM Method for Tourism Project Decision Optimization with Trust\u2013Distrust Relationships"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 051432, China"}]},{"given":"Xinshang","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 051432, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5758-8429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuo","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 051432, China"}]},{"given":"Zengtai","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Technology and Cultural Management Institute, Hebei Institute of Communications, Shijiazhuang 051432, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Analysis on Tourism Economic Connection of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Based on the Improved Gravity Model","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"China Bus. 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