{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T15:35:40Z","timestamp":1783611340997,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11975132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11975132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61772295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61772295"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2021MF049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021MF049"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2019YQ01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2019YQ01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["J18KZ012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J18KZ012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China","award":["11975132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11975132"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China","award":["61772295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61772295"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China","award":["ZR2021MF049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021MF049"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China","award":["ZR2019YQ01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2019YQ01"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China","award":["J18KZ012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J18KZ012"]}]},{"name":"Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program","award":["11975132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11975132"]}]},{"name":"Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program","award":["61772295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61772295"]}]},{"name":"Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program","award":["ZR2021MF049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021MF049"]}]},{"name":"Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program","award":["ZR2019YQ01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2019YQ01"]}]},{"name":"Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program","award":["J18KZ012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J18KZ012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper proposes an image encryption scheme based on a discrete-time alternating quantum walk (AQW) and the advanced encryption standard (AES). We use quantum properties to improve the AES algorithm, which uses a keystream generator related to AQW parameters to generate a probability distribution matrix. Some singular values of the matrix are extracted as the key to the AES algorithm. The Rcon of the AES algorithm is replaced with the elements of the probability distribution matrix. Then, the ascending order of the size of the clone probability distribution matrix scrambles the mapping rules of the S-box and ShiftRow transformations in the AES algorithm. The algorithm uses a probability distribution matrix and plaintext XOR operation to complete the preprocessing and uses the modified AES algorithm to complete the encryption process. The technology is based on simulation verification, including pixel correlation, histograms, differential attacks, noise attacks, information entropy, key sensitivity, and space. The results demonstrate a remarkable encryption effect. Compared with other improved AES algorithms, this algorithm has the advantages of the original AES algorithm and improves the ability to resist correlation attacks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e24050608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T13:40:57Z","timestamp":1651066857000},"page":"608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["An Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Discrete-Time Alternating Quantum Walk and Advanced Encryption Standard"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Guangzhe","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Control Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingkui","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1986-9043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuxuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2680-5099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongyang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2012.05.033","article-title":"An image encryption scheme based on quantum logistic map","volume":"17","author":"Akhshani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Commun. 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