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for Marine Economy Development of Guangdong Province","award":["2022A1515010835"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515010835"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou","award":["52076208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52076208"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou","award":["51736009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51736009"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou","award":["2019BT02L278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019BT02L278"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou","award":["GDME-2020D044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GDME-2020D044"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou","award":["20202102080159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20202102080159"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou","award":["2022A1515010835"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515010835"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["52076208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52076208"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["51736009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51736009"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["2019BT02L278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019BT02L278"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["GDME-2020D044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GDME-2020D044"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["20202102080159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20202102080159"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["2022A1515010835"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515010835"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Depressurization combined with brine injection is a potential method for field production of natural gas hydrate, which can significantly improve production efficiency and avoid secondary formation of hydrate. In this work, the experiments of hydrate production using depressurization combined with brine injection from a simulated excess-water hydrate reservoir were performed, and the effects of NaCl concentration on hydrate decomposition, temperature change, and heat transfer in the reservoir were investigated. The experimental results indicate that there is little gas production during depressurization in a excess-water hydrate reservoir, and the gas dissociated from hydrate is trapped in pores of sediments. The high-water production reduces the final gas recovery, which is lower than 70% in the experiments. The increasing NaCl concentration only effectively promotes gas production rate in the early stage. The final cumulative gas production and average gas production rate have little difference in different experiments. The NaCl concentration of the produced water is significantly higher than that which is in contact with hydrate in the sediments because the water produced by hydrate decomposition exists on the surface of undissociated hydrate. The high concentration of NaCl in the produced water from the reactor significantly reduces the promoting effect and efficiency of NaCl solution on hydrate decomposition. The injection of NaCl solution decreases the lowest temperature in sediments during hydrate production, and increases the sensible heat and heat transfer from environment for hydrate decomposition. The changes of temperature and resistance effectively reflect the distribution of the injected NaCl solution in the hydrate reservoir.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e24060765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,29]],"date-time":"2022-05-29T08:50:51Z","timestamp":1653814251000},"page":"765","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Study on Hydrate Production Behaviors by Depressurization Combined with Brine Injection in the Excess-Water Hydrate Reservoir"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Haopeng","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2743-6811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaoyang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaosen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1175074","article-title":"Is Gas Hydrate Energy Within Reach?","volume":"325","author":"Boswell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.2118\/114163-PA","article-title":"Toward Production From Gas Hydrates: Current Status, Assessment of Resources, and Simulation-Based Evaluation of Technology and Potential","volume":"12","author":"Moridis","year":"2009","journal-title":"SPE Reserv. 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