{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T11:08:22Z","timestamp":1769425702995,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Texture analysis is a subject of intensive focus in research due to its significant role in the field of image processing. However, few studies focus on colored texture analysis and even fewer use information theory concepts. Entropy measures have been proven competent for gray scale images. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no well-established entropy methods that deal with colored images yet. Therefore, we propose the recent colored bidimensional fuzzy entropy measure, FuzEnC2D, and introduce its new multi-channel approaches, FuzEnV2D and FuzEnM2D, for the analysis of colored images. We investigate their sensitivity to parameters and ability to identify images with different irregularity degrees, and therefore different textures. Moreover, we study their behavior with colored Brodatz images in different color spaces. After verifying the results with test images, we employ the three methods for analyzing dermoscopic images of malignant melanoma and benign melanocytic nevi. FuzEnC2D, FuzEnV2D, and FuzEnM2D illustrate a good differentiation ability between the two\u2014similar in appearance\u2014pigmented skin lesions. The results outperform those of a well-known texture analysis measure. Our work provides the first entropy measure studying colored images using both single and multi-channel approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e24060831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T22:17:01Z","timestamp":1655331421000},"page":"831","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Colored Texture Analysis Fuzzy Entropy Methods with a Dermoscopic Application"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0658-0926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirvana","family":"Hilal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Angers, LARIS, SFR MATHSTIC, F-49000 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9171-6703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia S.","family":"Gaud\u00eancio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Angers, LARIS, SFR MATHSTIC, F-49000 Angers, France"},{"name":"LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, P-3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro G.","family":"Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, P-3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, P-3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6289-0040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Humeau-Heurtier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Angers, LARIS, SFR MATHSTIC, F-49000 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8975","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2890743","article-title":"Texture feature extraction methods: A survey","volume":"7","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2019.113167","article-title":"Spatially weighted order binary pattern for color texture classification","volume":"147","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Syst. 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