{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T14:12:23Z","timestamp":1781014343535,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gauss Centre"},{"name":"J\u00fclich Supercomputing Centre (JSC)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We present a comprehensive simulation study of the Newtonian and quantum model of a Stern\u2013Gerlach experiment with cold neutrons. By solving Newton\u2019s equation of motion and the time-dependent Pauli equation for a wide range of uniform magnetic field strengths, we scrutinize the role of the latter for drawing the conclusion that the magnetic moment of the neutron is quantized. We then demonstrate that a marginal modification of the Newtonian model suffices to construct, without invoking any concept of quantum theory, an event-based subquantum model that eliminates the shortcomings of the classical model and yields results that are in qualitative agreement with experiment and quantum theory. In this event-by-event model, the intrinsic angular momentum can take any value on the sphere, yet, for a sufficiently strong uniform magnetic field, the particle beam splits in two, exactly as in experiment and in concert with quantum theory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e24081143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T21:23:56Z","timestamp":1660771436000},"page":"1143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Classical, Quantum and Event-by-Event Simulation of a Stern\u2013Gerlach Experiment with Neutrons"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8461-4015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans","family":"De Raedt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Simulation, J\u00fclich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, D-52425 J\u00fclich, Germany"},{"name":"Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3476-524X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fengping","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Simulation, J\u00fclich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, D-52425 J\u00fclich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1444-4262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristel","family":"Michielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Simulation, J\u00fclich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, D-52425 J\u00fclich, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01326983","article-title":"Der experimentelle Nachweis der Richtungsquantelung im Magnetfeld","volume":"9","author":"Gerlach","year":"1922","journal-title":"Z. 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