{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T07:02:58Z","timestamp":1762066978694,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61771186","YQ2020F012","YJSCX2022-080HLJU","YJSCX2022-205HLJU"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61771186","YQ2020F012","YJSCX2022-080HLJU","YJSCX2022-205HLJU"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Outstanding Youth Project of Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["61771186","YQ2020F012","YJSCX2022-080HLJU","YJSCX2022-205HLJU"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61771186","YQ2020F012","YJSCX2022-080HLJU","YJSCX2022-205HLJU"]}]},{"name":"Graduate Innovative Science Research Project of Heilongjiang University","award":["61771186","YQ2020F012","YJSCX2022-080HLJU","YJSCX2022-205HLJU"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61771186","YQ2020F012","YJSCX2022-080HLJU","YJSCX2022-205HLJU"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Image stitching refers to stitching two or more images with overlapping areas through feature points matching to generate a panoramic image, which plays an important role in geological survey, military reconnaissance, and other fields. At present, the existing image stitching technologies mostly adopt images with good lighting conditions, but the lack of feature points in scenes with weak light such as morning or night will affect the image stitching effect, making it difficult to meet the needs of practical applications. When there exist concentrated areas of brightness such as lights and large dark areas in the nighttime image, it will further cause the loss of image details making the feature point matching unavailable. The obtained perspective transformation matrix cannot reflect the mapping relationship of the entire image, resulting in poor splicing effect, and it is difficult to meet the actual application requirements. Therefore, an adaptive image enhancement algorithm is proposed based on guided filtering to preprocess the nighttime image, and use the enhanced image for feature registration. The experimental results show that the image obtained by preprocessing the nighttime image with the proposed enhancement algorithm has better detail performance and color restoration, and greatly improves the image quality. By performing feature registration on the enhanced image, the number of matching logarithms of the image increases, so as to achieve high accuracy for images stitching.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e24091267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T04:54:41Z","timestamp":1662699281000},"page":"1267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Nighttime Image Stitching Method Based on Guided Filtering Enhancement"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Mengying","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5829-6121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danyang","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China"}]},{"given":"Gengxin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China"}]},{"given":"Jianan","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1684-9714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, X., Yu, M., and Song, Y. (2022). Optimized Seam-Driven Image Stitching Method Based on Scene Depth Information. Electronics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11121876"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garg, A., and Dung, L.R. (2020, January 23\u201325). Stitching Strip Determination for Optimal Seamline Search. Proceedings of the 2020 4th International Conference on Imaging, Signal Processing and Communications (ICISPC), Virtual.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICISPC51671.2020.00013"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Huang, Z., Hui, B., and Sun, S. (2021, January 14\u201317). An Automatic Image Stitching Method for Infrared Image Series. Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences (ICCAIS), Xi\u2019an, China."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6734","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2020.2993134","article-title":"An unordered image stitching method based on binary tree and estimated overlapping area","volume":"29","author":"Qu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hyperspectral Image Stitching via Optimal Seamline Detection","volume":"19","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93033","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3092643","article-title":"Nonlinear Exposure Intensity Based Modification Histogram Equalization for Non-Uniform Illumination Image Enhancement","volume":"9","author":"Saad","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahman, Z., Jobson, D., and Woodell, G. (1996, January 16\u201319). Multi-scale retinex for color image enhancement. Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Lausanne, Switzerland.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.1996.560995"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1109\/83.597272","article-title":"A multiscale retinex for bridging the gap between color images and the human observation of scenes","volume":"6","author":"Jobson","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, F., Xue, Y., Dou, X., and Li, Z. (2021, January 13\u201315). Low Illumination Image Enhancement Algorithm Combining Homomorphic Filtering and Retinex. Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Wireless Communications and Smart Grid (ICWCSG), Hangzhou, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICWCSG53609.2021.00053"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, S., Li, C., and Pan, X. (2021, January 23\u201325). A simple illumination map estimation based on Retinex model for low-light image enhancement. Proceedings of the 2021 14th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, BioMedical Engineering and Informatics (CISP-BMEI), Online.","DOI":"10.1109\/CISP-BMEI53629.2021.9624323"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-ipr.2018.6585","article-title":"Nighttime image enhancement using a new illumination boost algorithm","volume":"13","year":"2019","journal-title":"IET Image Process."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-021-02466-4","article-title":"An adaptive enhancement algorithm based on visual saliency for low illumination images","volume":"52","author":"Qian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Intell."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-020-01792-3","article-title":"An adaptive enhancement method for low illumination color images","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Intell."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2009.92","article-title":"Globally Optimized Linear Windowed Tone Mapping","volume":"16","author":"Shan","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamza, A.B., and Krim, H. (2001, January 3\u20135). A variational approach to maximum a posteriori estimation for image denoising. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Energy Minimization Methods in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Sophia Antipolis, France.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44745-8_2"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540425","DOI":"10.1155\/S1110865704407197","article-title":"A nonlinear entropic variational model for image filtering","volume":"2004","author":"Krim","year":"2004","journal-title":"EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niu, G., Wang, C., and Meng, H. (2015, January 7\u20139). Driver Face Image Enhancement Based on Guided Filter. Proceedings of the 2015 3rd International Symposium on Computational and Business Intelligence (ISCBI), Bali, Indonesia.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCBI.2015.25"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3538","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2013.2261309","article-title":"Naturalness Preserved Enhancement Algorithm for Non-Uniform Illumination Images","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Huang, W., Bi, W., and Gao, G. (2016, January 13\u201315). Colorful image enhancement algorithm based on guided filter and Retinex. Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE International Conference on Signal and Image Processing (ICSIP), Beijing, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/SIPROCESS.2016.7888218"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s13640-018-0251-4","article-title":"Nighttime low illumination image enhancement with single image using bright\/dark channel prior","volume":"2018","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"EURASIP J. Image Video Process."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"42","article-title":"A Fast Defogging Image Recognition Algorithm based on Bilateral Hybrid Filtering","volume":"17","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Multimed. Comput. Commun. Appl."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2019.05.015","article-title":"Adaptive image enhancement method for correcting low-illumination images","volume":"496","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.18280\/ts.370505","article-title":"Retinex-Based Multiphase Algorithm for Low-Light Image Enhancement","volume":"37","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trait. Signal"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2011.2159387","article-title":"Power-Constrained Contrast Enhancement for Emissive Displays Based on Histogram Equalization","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, J., and Zhang, Y. (2021, January 17\u201319). Infrared Image Enhancement Algorithm based on Weighted Guided Filtering. Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Information Technology, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (ICIBA), Chongqing, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIBA52610.2021.9688030"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"1846","article-title":"A Tone Mapping Algorithm Based on Multi-scale Decomposition","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"KSII Trans. Internet Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70842","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2918557","article-title":"Exposure Based Multi-Histogram Equalization Contrast Enhancement for Non-Uniform Illumination Images","volume":"7","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"}],"container-title":["Entropy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/24\/9\/1267\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:28:04Z","timestamp":1760142484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/24\/9\/1267"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["e24091267"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e24091267","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-4300"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1099-4300"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]}}}