{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T20:48:33Z","timestamp":1760647713340,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Aeronautical Science Foundation of China","award":["20200057068001","ANCL20210201","614220121030202","11602209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20200057068001","ANCL20210201","614220121030202","11602209"]}]},{"name":"Laboratory of Aerodynamic Noise Control","award":["20200057068001","ANCL20210201","614220121030202","11602209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20200057068001","ANCL20210201","614220121030202","11602209"]}]},{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aerodynamic Design and Research","award":["20200057068001","ANCL20210201","614220121030202","11602209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20200057068001","ANCL20210201","614220121030202","11602209"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["20200057068001","ANCL20210201","614220121030202","11602209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20200057068001","ANCL20210201","614220121030202","11602209"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A simplified linearized lattice Boltzmann method (SLLBM) suitable for the simulation of acoustic waves propagation in fluids was proposed herein. Through Chapman\u2013Enskog expansion analysis, the linearized lattice Boltzmann equation (LLBE) was first recovered to linearized macroscopic equations. Then, using the fractional-step calculation technique, the solution of these linearized equations was divided into two steps: a predictor step and corrector step. Next, the evolution of the perturbation distribution function was transformed into the evolution of the perturbation equilibrium distribution function using second-order interpolation approximation of the latter at other positions and times to represent the nonequilibrium part of the former; additionally, the calculation formulas of SLLBM were deduced. SLLBM inherits the advantages of the linearized lattice Boltzmann method (LLBM), calculating acoustic disturbance and the mean flow separately so that macroscopic variables of the mean flow do not affect the calculation of acoustic disturbance. At the same time, it has other advantages: the calculation process is simpler, and the cost of computing memory is reduced. In addition, to simulate the acoustic scattering problem caused by the acoustic waves encountering objects, the immersed boundary method (IBM) and SLLBM were further combined so that the method can simulate the influence of complex geometries. Several cases were used to validate the feasibility of SLLBM for simulation of acoustic wave propagation under the mean flow.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e24111622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T07:00:42Z","timestamp":1667890842000},"page":"1622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Simplified Linearized Lattice Boltzmann Method for Acoustic Propagation Simulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Qiaochu","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}]},{"given":"Rongqian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}]},{"given":"Shuqi","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}]},{"given":"Jinhua","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}]},{"given":"Ningyu","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}]},{"given":"Yancheng","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.81.1413","article-title":"Propagation of sound through a turbulent vortex","volume":"81","author":"Pinton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phys. 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