{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T17:37:28Z","timestamp":1779903448213,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]],"date-time":"2022-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001459","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T2MOE2002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2MOE2002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001459","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001381","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF2021-QEP2-02-P03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF2021-QEP2-02-P03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Digital quantum computers have the potential to simulate complex quantum systems. The spin-boson model is one of such systems, used in disparate physical domains. Importantly, in a number of setups, the spin-boson model is open, i.e., the system is in contact with an external environment which can, for instance, cause the decay of the spin state. Here, we study how to simulate such open quantum dynamics in a digital quantum computer, for which we use an IBM hardware. We consider in particular how accurate different implementations of the evolution result as a function of the level of noise in the hardware and of the parameters of the open dynamics. For the regimes studied, we show that the key aspect is to simulate the unitary portion of the dynamics, while the dissipative part can lead to a more noise-resistant simulation. We consider both a single spin coupled to a harmonic oscillator, and also two spins coupled to the oscillator. In the latter case, we show that it is possible to simulate the emergence of correlations between the spins via the oscillator.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e24121766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T02:56:26Z","timestamp":1670208986000},"page":"1766","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Digital Quantum Simulation of the Spin-Boson Model under Markovian Open-System Dynamics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Burger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t Munich, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Science, Mathematics and Technology Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore"},{"name":"Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0879-0591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leong Chuan","family":"Kwek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore"},{"name":"National Institute of Education and Institute of Advanced Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore"},{"name":"MajuLab, CNRS-UNS-NUS-NTU International Joint Research Unit, Singapore 117543, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5626-0176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Poletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science, Mathematics and Technology Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore"},{"name":"Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore"},{"name":"National Institute of Education and Institute of Advanced Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore"},{"name":"EPD Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore"},{"name":"The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5278.1073","article-title":"Universal Quantum Simulators","volume":"273","author":"Lloyd","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Nielsen, M.A., and Chuang, I.L. 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