{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T17:16:03Z","timestamp":1781284563547,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rotary kiln temperature forecasting plays a significant part of the automatic control of the sintering process. However, accurate forecasts are difficult owing to the complex nonlinear characteristics of rotary kiln temperature time series. With the development of chaos theory, the prediction accuracy is improved by analyzing the essential characteristics of time series. However, the existing prediction methods of chaotic time series cannot fully consider the local and global characteristics of time series at the same time. Therefore, in this study, the global recurrence plot (GRP)-based generative adversarial network (GAN) and the long short-term memory (LSTM) combination method, named GRP-lstmGAN, are proposed, which can effectively display important information about time scales. First, the data is subjected to a series of pre-processing operations, including data smoothing. Then, transforming one-dimensional time series into two-dimensional images by GRP makes full use of the global and local information of time series. Finally, the combination of LSTM and improves GAN models for temperature time series prediction. The experimental results show that our model is better than comparison models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e25010052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T08:38:19Z","timestamp":1672216699000},"page":"52","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Forecasting for Chaotic Time Series Based on GRP-lstmGAN Model: Application to Temperature Series of Rotary Kiln"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Wenyu","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhizhong","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1016\/0017-9310(95)00272-3","article-title":"A thermal model for the rotary kiln including heat transfer within the bed","volume":"39","author":"Boateng","year":"1996","journal-title":"Inte. 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