{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:44:06Z","timestamp":1760147046884,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62201533"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62201533"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Satellite communication networks have gradually been recognized as an effective way to enhance the ground-based wireless communication. Considering the weight restriction of payloads, multi-antenna technologies have recently come into use on satellite platforms, and are capable of generating beams flexibly to provide services. To avoid incurring interferences, adjacent beams are designed to take different spectral resources. Unfortunately, this may limit the simultaneously accessed terminals since the spectrum cannot be fully used. In this paper, we propose a spectrum-saving transmission method in a satellite star network, where terminals communicate with each other through the hub station. Taking advantage of the great transmission capability differences of the hub station and terminals, we could allocate them the same spectral resources. Specifically, it is not necessary to use exclusive frequency bands for terminals.The proposed method can play a significant role when large numbers of users need to access the system with limited spectrum resource. To give a deep insight into the spectrum-saving method, the expressions of ergodic sum-rate are provided, and the impact of the number of accessed terminals is further analyzed. Simulation results validate the advantage of the proposed method in terms of bit error rate and ergodic sum rate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e25010113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T04:51:31Z","timestamp":1672894291000},"page":"113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Spectrum-Saving Transmission Method in Multi-Antenna Satellite Communication Star Networks: Sharing the Frequency with Terminals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Tian","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology on Communication Networks Laboratory, The 54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Shijiazhuang 050081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuekun","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Satellite Network Corporation Limited, Shanghai 201210, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinwei","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2019.1800274","article-title":"Multiple-User transmission in space information networks: Architecture and key techniques","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. 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