{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:44:36Z","timestamp":1760147076231,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62003359"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62003359"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An inter-satellite communication network of satellite swarm (ICNS) is created if the members of a satellite swarm communicate with each other via inter-satellite links (ISLs). ICNS can be constructed using the theory of complex networks. A link community is defined as two satellites between which the ISL has been established. The satellite swarm, whose members have not established ISLs, is modeled as a pre-link network (PLN). The edge of a PLN is described as a candidate for the link community. Consequently, an ICNS can be constructed by collecting combinations of candidates for link communities (CCLC) based on PLN and then by selecting one of these. An algorithm is designed to take a sample of all CCLCs. A new structural entropy of networks is developed to evaluate a CCLC. The CCLC with a maximum structural entropy in the CCLC sample will be selected to become the edge set of the ICNS. An improvement method was proposed to ensure that the ICNS remains a dynamic connected network by preventing each satellite from establishing an ISL with the same satellite. The simulations demonstrated that the proposed method outperformed the benchmark methods, and it is necessary to adopt the improvement method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e25010121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T02:09:39Z","timestamp":1673230179000},"page":"121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Community-Based Construct Method for an Inter-Satellite Communication Network of Satellite Swarm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7149-3573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weicheng","family":"Lun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Systems Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Systems Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Systems Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3758-8568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Systems Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155014772110702","DOI":"10.1177\/15501477211070202","article-title":"Dynamic optimization of intersatellite link assignment based on reinforcement learning","volume":"18","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2020.09.023","article-title":"A scheduling strategy to inter-satellite links assignment in GNSS","volume":"67","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2021.12.039","article-title":"Inter-satellite time synchronization and ranging link assignment for autonomous navigation satellite constellations","volume":"69","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-022-01222-6","article-title":"Rolling weight-matching methods for the inter-satellite link assignment in global navigation satellite systems","volume":"26","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"GPS Solut."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-020-0961-9","article-title":"Inter-satellite link assignment for the laser\/radio hybrid network in navigation satellite systems","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"GPS Solut."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2020.3028464","article-title":"Integer Linear Programming Based Topology Design for GNSSs With Inter-Satellite Links","volume":"10","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-022-01241-3","article-title":"Topology design algorithm for optical inter-satellite links in future navigation satellite networks","volume":"26","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"GPS Solut."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Wu, J. (2008). Study on Invulnerability of Complex Network Topologies. [Ph.D. Thesis, National University of Defense Technology]."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Chang, L., Chen, H., and Zhu, Z. (2022). Networking Feasibility of Quantum Key Distribution Constellation Networks. Entropy, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/e24020298"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2020.2965185","article-title":"A Routing and Wavelength Assignment Algorithm Based on Two Types of LEO Constellations in Optical Satellite Networks","volume":"38","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Light. Technol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2020.3009211","article-title":"An Analytic Method of Wavelength Requirements in Dynamic Optical Satellite Networks","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3848","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2020.3003633","article-title":"Structural Performance of Satellite Networks: A Complex Network Perspective","volume":"15","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Syst. J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2019.2958132","article-title":"Topology Virtualization and Dynamics Shielding Method for LEO Satellite Networks","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Chang, H., Kim, B., Lee, C., Choi, Y., Min, S., Yang, H., and Kim, C. (1995, January 14\u201316). Topological design and routing for low-Earth orbit satellite networks. Proceedings of the GLOBECOM \u201895, Singapore."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1109\/25.704858","article-title":"FSA-based link assignment and routing in low-earth orbit satellite networks","volume":"47","author":"Chang","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1140\/epjb\/e2004-00124-y","article-title":"Detecting community structure in networks","volume":"38","author":"Newman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. Phys. J. B"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-0208(08)73644-2","article-title":"Determinants and Matchings","volume":"Volume 121","author":"Plummer","year":"1986","journal-title":"Matching Theory"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1112\/jlms\/s1-22.2.107","article-title":"The Factorization of Linear Graphs","volume":"s1-22","author":"Tutte","year":"1947","journal-title":"J. Lond. Math. Soc."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"060504","DOI":"10.7498\/aps.63.060504","article-title":"A new network structure entropy based on maximum flow","volume":"63","author":"Cai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Phys. Sin."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ben-Naim, E., Frauenfelder, H., and Toroczkai, Z. (2004). Information Theory of Complex Networks: On Evolution and Architectural Constraints. Complex Networks, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/b98716"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai, M., Liu, J., and Cui, Y. (2022). A Network Structure Entropy Considering Series-Parallel Structures. Entropy, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/e24070852"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"018901","DOI":"10.7498\/aps.68.20181388","article-title":"Network heterogeneity based on K-order structure entropy","volume":"68","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Phys. Sin."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110513","DOI":"10.7498\/aps.60.110513","article-title":"A new network structure entropy based node difference and edge difference","volume":"60","author":"Cai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Phys. Sin."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hou, Z., Yi, X., Zhao, Y., and Zhang, Y. (2016, January 18\u201320). Information transmission path selection of navigation satellite network based on directional crosslink. Proceedings of the 7th China Satellite Navigation Conference, CSNC 2016, Changsha, China.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-0940-2_40"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/234034a0","article-title":"Distance between Sets","volume":"234","author":"Levandowsky","year":"1971","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1002\/sat.1330","article-title":"Research on hierarchical architecture and routing of satellite constellation with IGSO-GEO-MEO network","volume":"38","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Satell. Commun. Netw."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Wu, G. (2014). Research on Inter-Satellite Link Network and Transport Protocols. [Master\u2019s Thesis, National University of Defense Technology]."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-016-0587-0","article-title":"Timeslot scheduling of inter-satellite links based on a system of a narrow beam with time division","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"GPS Solut."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-018-0704-3","article-title":"Inter-satellite communication and ranging link assignment for navigation satellite systems","volume":"22","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"GPS Solut."}],"container-title":["Entropy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/25\/1\/121\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:02:17Z","timestamp":1760119337000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/25\/1\/121"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["e25010121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e25010121","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-4300"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1099-4300"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]}}}