{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T07:49:15Z","timestamp":1787903355341,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>What are conscious experiences? Can they combine to form new experiences? What are conscious subjects? Can they combine to form new subjects? Most attempts to answer these questions assume that spacetime, and some of its particles, are fundamental. However, physicists tell us that spacetime cannot be fundamental. Spacetime, they say, is doomed. We heed the physicists, and drop the assumption that spacetime is fundamental. We assume instead that subjects and experiences are entities beyond spacetime, not within spacetime. We make this precise in a mathematical theory of conscious agents, whose dynamics are described by Markov chains. We show how (1) agents combine into more complex agents, (2) agents fuse into simpler agents, and (3) qualia fuse to create new qualia. The possible dynamics of n agents form an n(n\u22121)-dimensional polytope with nn vertices\u2014the Markov polytopeMn. The total fusions of n agents and qualia form an (n\u22121)-dimensional simplex\u2014the fusion simplexFn. To project the Markovian dynamics of conscious agents onto scattering processes in spacetime, we define a new map from Markov chains to decorated permutations. Such permutations\u2014along with helicities, or masses and spins\u2014invariantly encode all physical information used to compute scattering amplitudes. We propose that spacetime and scattering processes are a data structure that codes for interactions of conscious agents: a particle in spacetime is a projection of the Markovian dynamics of a communicating class of conscious agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e25010129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T07:05:09Z","timestamp":1673247909000},"page":"129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Fusions of Consciousness"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Donald D.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9931-7814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chetan","family":"Prakash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, California State University, San Bernadino, CA 92407, USA"},{"name":"Association for Mathematical Consciousness Science, D-80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1890-0827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Prentner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association for Mathematical Consciousness Science, D-80539 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Munich Center for Mathematical Philosophy, LMU Munich, D-80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"niab021","DOI":"10.1093\/nc\/niab021","article-title":"Explanatory profiles of models of consciousness-towards a systematic classification","volume":"2021","author":"Signorelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. 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