{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T20:18:28Z","timestamp":1771705108298,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Henan Province Major Science and Technology Project","award":["221100210100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221100210100"]}]},{"name":"Henan Province Major Science and Technology Project","award":["212101510002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["212101510002"]}]},{"name":"Henan Province Major Science and Technology Project","award":["61803384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61803384"]}]},{"name":"Central Plains Talent Foundation of China","award":["221100210100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221100210100"]}]},{"name":"Central Plains Talent Foundation of China","award":["212101510002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["212101510002"]}]},{"name":"Central Plains Talent Foundation of China","award":["61803384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61803384"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["221100210100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221100210100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["212101510002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["212101510002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61803384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61803384"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the rapid evolution of mobile communication networks, the number of subscribers and their communication practices is increasing dramatically worldwide. However, fraudsters are also sniffing out the benefits. Detecting fraudsters from the massive volume of call detail records (CDR) in mobile communication networks has become an important yet challenging topic. Fortunately, Graph neural network (GNN) brings new possibilities for telecom fraud detection. However, the presence of the graph imbalance and GNN oversmoothing problems makes fraudster detection unsatisfactory. To address these problems, we propose a new fraud detector. First, we transform the user features with the help of a multilayer perceptron. Then, a reinforcement learning-based neighbor sampling strategy is designed to balance the number of neighbors of different classes of users. Next, we perform user feature aggregation using GNN. Finally, we innovatively treat the above augmented GNN as weak classifier and integrate multiple weak classifiers using the AdaBoost algorithm. A balanced focal loss function is also used to monitor the model training error. Extensive experiments are conducted on two open real-world telecom fraud datasets, and the results show that the proposed method is significantly effective for the graph imbalance problem and the oversmoothing problem in telecom fraud detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e25010150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T01:32:26Z","timestamp":1673487146000},"page":"150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Mining Mobile Network Fraudsters with Augmented Graph Neural Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8007-5122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinxin","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haotian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongchang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junjie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3366-4466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuxin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2020). 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