{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T07:54:01Z","timestamp":1774511641726,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: the ability to suppress\/regulate impulsive reactions has been identified as common factor underlying the performance in all executive function tasks. We analyzed the HRV signals (power of high (HF) and low (LF) frequency, Sample Entropy (SampEn), and Complexity Index (CI)) during the execution of cognitive tests to assess flexibility, inhibition abilities, and rule learning. Methods: we enrolled thirty-six healthy subjects, recording five minutes of resting state and two tasks of increasing complexity based on 220 visual stimuli with 12 \u00d7 12 cm red and white squares on a black background. Results: at baseline, CI was negatively correlated with age, and LF was negatively correlated with SampEn. In Task 1, the CI and LF\/HF were negatively correlated with errors. In Task 2, the reaction time positively correlated with the CI and the LF\/HF ratio errors. Using a binary logistic regression model, age, CI, and LF\/HF ratio classified performance groups with a sensitivity and specificity of 73 and 71%, respectively. Conclusions: this study performed an important initial exploration in defining the complex relationship between CI, sympathovagal balance, and age in regulating impulsive reactions during cognitive tests. Our approach could be applied in assessing cognitive decline, providing additional information on the brain-heart interaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e25010152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T04:29:38Z","timestamp":1673497778000},"page":"152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Heart Rate Complexity and Autonomic Modulation Are Associated with Psychological Response Inhibition in Healthy Subjects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Riganello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"S. Anna Institute, Via Siris 11, 88900 Crotone, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4423-440X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Vatrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S. Anna Institute, Via Siris 11, 88900 Crotone, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4867-1378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Tonin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S. Anna Institute, Via Siris 11, 88900 Crotone, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8022-4770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Cerasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S. Anna Institute, Via Siris 11, 88900 Crotone, Italy"},{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98100 Messina, Italy"},{"name":"Pharmacotechnology Documentation and Transfer Unit, Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy"}]},{"given":"Maria Daniela","family":"Cortese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S. 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