{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:46:23Z","timestamp":1760147183956,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Major Science and Technology Project of Henan Province","award":["221100210400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221100210400"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although the performance of qubits has been improved in recent years, the differences in the microscopic atomic structure of the Josephson junctions, the core devices prepared under different preparation conditions, are still underexplored. In this paper, the effects of the oxygen temperature and upper aluminum deposition rate on the topology of the barrier layer in the aluminum-based Josephson junctions have been presented by classical molecular dynamics simulations. We apply a Voronoi tessellation method to characterize the topology of the interface and central regions of the barrier layers. We find that when the oxygen temperature is 573 K and the upper aluminum deposition rate is 4 \u00c5\/ps, the barrier has the fewest atomic voids and the most closely arranged atoms. However, if only the atomic arrangement of the central region is considered, the optimal rate of the aluminum deposition is 8 \u00c5\/ps. This work provides microscopic guidance for the experimental preparation of Josephson junctions, which helps to improve the performance of qubits and accelerate the practical application of quantum computers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e25020182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T04:28:47Z","timestamp":1673929727000},"page":"182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Computational Simulations of Fabrication of Aluminum-Based Josephson Junctions: Topological Aspects of the Barrier Structure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7368-9468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuanbing","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huihui","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8387-0831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fudong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangju","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Supercomputing Center in Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao4309","article-title":"A Blueprint for Demonstrating Quantum Supremacy with Superconducting Qubits","volume":"360","author":"Neill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s43673-022-00058-z","article-title":"NISQ Computing: Where Are We and Where Do We Go?","volume":"32","author":"Lau","year":"2022","journal-title":"AAPPS Bull."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180501","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-020-2881-9","article-title":"Superconducting Quantum Computing: A Review","volume":"63","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. 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