{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:48:15Z","timestamp":1760147295502,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article applies the thermocontextual interpretation (TCI) to open dissipative systems. TCI is a generalization of the conceptual frameworks underlying mechanics and thermodynamics. It defines exergy with respect to the positive-temperature surroundings as a property of state, and it defines the dissipation and utilization of exergy as functional properties of process. The Second Law of thermodynamics states that an isolated system maximizes its entropy (by dissipating and minimizing its exergy). TCI\u2019s Postulate Four generalizes the Second Law for non-isolated systems. A non-isolated system minimizes its exergy, but it can do so either by dissipating exergy or utilizing it. A non-isolated dissipator can utilize exergy either by performing external work on the surroundings or by carrying out the internal work of sustaining other dissipators within a dissipative network. TCI defines a dissipative system\u2019s efficiency by the ratio of exergy utilization to exergy input. TCI\u2019s Postulate Five (MaxEff), introduced here, states that a system maximizes its efficiency to the extent allowed by the system\u2019s kinetics and thermocontextual boundary constraints. Two paths of increasing efficiency lead to higher rates of growth and to higher functional complexity for dissipative networks. These are key features for the origin and evolution of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e25020229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T01:58:59Z","timestamp":1674784739000},"page":"229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dissipation + Utilization = Self-Organization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0422-1324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harrison","family":"Crecraft","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoEx Analytics, Leesburg, VA 20176, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Nicolis, G., and Prigogine, I. (1977). 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