{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T15:18:33Z","timestamp":1783351113789,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014717","name":"National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of Nation-al Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61901059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61901059"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014717","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The detection of infusion containers is highly conducive to reducing the workload of medical staff. However, when applied in complex environments, the current detection solutions cannot satisfy the high demands for clinical requirements. In this paper, we address this problem by proposing a novel method for the detection of infusion containers that is based on the conventional method, You Only Look Once version 4 (YOLOv4). First, the coordinate attention module is added after the backbone to improve the perception of direction and location information by the network. Then, we build the cross stage partial\u2013spatial pyramid pooling (CSP-SPP) module to replace the spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) module, which allows the input information features to be reused. In addition, the adaptively spatial feature fusion (ASFF) module is added after the original feature fusion module, path aggregation network (PANet), to facilitate the fusion of feature maps at different scales for more complete feature information. Finally, EIoU is used as a loss function to solve the anchor frame aspect ratio problem, and this improvement allows for more stable and accurate information of the anchor aspect when calculating losses. The experimental results demonstrate the advantages of our method in terms of recall, timeliness, and mean average precision (mAP).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e25020275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T02:21:12Z","timestamp":1675304472000},"page":"275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["An Infusion Containers Detection Method Based on YOLOv4 with Enhanced Image Feature Fusion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Ju","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueyu","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinjun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xifa","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuxun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China"},{"name":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luoyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s11390-017-1681-7","article-title":"Intelligent visual media processing: When graphics meets vision","volume":"32","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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