{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T07:58:09Z","timestamp":1773907089126,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Archives Administration of China","award":["2020-X-058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-X-058"]}]},{"name":"National Archives Administration of China","award":["62172132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62172132"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-X-058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-X-058"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62172132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62172132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Over recent years, there are an increasing number of incidents in which archival images have been ripped. Leak tracking is one of the key problems for anti-screenshot digital watermarking of archival images. Most of the existing algorithms suffer from low detection rate of watermark, because the archival images have a single texture. In this paper, we propose an anti-screenshot watermarking algorithm for archival images based on Deep Learning Model (DLM). At present, screenshot image watermarking algorithms based on DLM can resist screenshot attacks. However, if these algorithms are applied on archival images, the bit error rate (BER) of the image watermark will increase dramatically. Archival images are ubiquitous, so in order to improve the robustness of archival image anti-screenshot, we propose a screenshot DLM \u201cScreenNet\u201d. It aims to enhance the background and enrich the texture with style transfer. Firstly, a preprocessing process based on style transfer is added before the insertion of an archival image into the encoder to reduce the influence of the screenshot process of the cover image. Secondly, the ripped images are usually moir\u00e9d, so we generate a database of ripped archival images with moir\u00e9d by means of moir\u00e9d networks. Finally, the watermark information is encoded\/decoded through the improved ScreenNet model using the ripped archive database as the noise layer. The experiments prove that the proposed algorithm is able to resist anti-screenshot attacks and achieves the ability to detect watermark information to leak the trace of ripped images.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e25020288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T02:57:32Z","timestamp":1675652252000},"page":"288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Anti-Screenshot Watermarking Algorithm for Archival Image Based on Deep Learning Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8664-324X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ching-Chun","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunyuan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tancik, M., Mildenhall, B., and Ng, R. 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