{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T23:08:57Z","timestamp":1778800137750,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shan Dong Province Nature Science Foundation","award":["ZR2022MF283"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022MF283"]}]},{"name":"Shan Dong Province Nature Science Foundation","award":["31946220821B0849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31946220821B0849"]}]},{"name":"Shan Dong Province Nature Science Foundation","award":["62071496"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62071496"]}]},{"name":"Liaocheng University-Intelligent Science and Technology","award":["ZR2022MF283"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022MF283"]}]},{"name":"Liaocheng University-Intelligent Science and Technology","award":["31946220821B0849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31946220821B0849"]}]},{"name":"Liaocheng University-Intelligent Science and Technology","award":["62071496"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62071496"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2022MF283"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022MF283"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31946220821B0849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31946220821B0849"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62071496"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62071496"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An image encryption algorithm for the double scrambling of the pixel position and bit was cryptanalyzed. In the original image encryption algorithm, the positions of pixels were shuffled totally with the chaotic sequence. Then, the 0 and 1-bit positions of image pixels were scrambled through the use of another chaotic sequence generated by the input key. The authors claimed that the algorithm was able to resist the chosen-plaintext attack. However, through the analysis of the encryption algorithm, it was found that the equivalent key of the whole encryption algorithm was the scrambling sequence T in the global scrambling stage, the pixel bit level scrambling sequence WT and the diffusion sequence S. The generation of scrambling sequence T is related to the sum of all pixel values of the plaintext image, while the generation of WT and S is not associated with the image to be encrypted. By using a chosen-plaintext attack, these equivalent key streams can be cracked so as to realize the decoding of the original chaotic encryption algorithm. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results verify the feasibility of the chosen-plaintext attack strategy. Finally, an improved algorithm was proposed to overcome the defect, which can resist the chosen-plaintext attack and has the encryption effect of a \u201cone time pad\u201d.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e25030400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T02:28:57Z","timestamp":1677119337000},"page":"400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Cryptanalyzing and Improving an Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Chaotic Dual Scrambling of Pixel Position and Bit"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Shuqin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Congxu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanyu","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"196","article-title":"A Novel Data Hiding Algorithm for High Dynamic Range Images","volume":"18","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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