{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T16:06:04Z","timestamp":1781971564806,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institute for Basic Science in Korea","award":["IBSR024-D1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IBSR024-D1"]}]},{"name":"Institute for Basic Science in Korea","award":["JSF-21-04-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSF-21-04-0001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013736","name":"Julian Schwinger Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IBSR024-D1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IBSR024-D1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013736","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013736","name":"Julian Schwinger Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JSF-21-04-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSF-21-04-0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013736","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"INFN","award":["IBSR024-D1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IBSR024-D1"]}]},{"name":"INFN","award":["JSF-21-04-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSF-21-04-0001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We consider a micromaser model of a quantum battery, where the battery is a single mode of the electromagnetic field in a cavity, charged via repeated interactions with a stream of qubits, all prepared in the same non-equilibrium state, either incoherent or coherent, with the matter\u2013field interaction modeled by the Jaynes\u2013Cummings model. We show that the coherent protocol is superior to the incoherent one, in that an effective pure steady state is achieved for generic values of the model parameters. Finally, we supplement the above collision model with cavity losses, described by a Lindblad master equation. We show that battery performances, in terms of stored energy, charging power, and steady-state purity, are slightly degraded up to moderated dissipation rate. Our results show that micromasers are robust and reliable quantum batteries, thus making them a promising model for experimental implementations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e25030430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T02:28:09Z","timestamp":1677551289000},"page":"430","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Lossy Micromaser Battery: Almost Pure States in the Jaynes\u2013Cummings Regime"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0587-9777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vahid","family":"Shaghaghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nonlinear and Complex Systems, Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell\u2019Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varinder","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1956-7715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Carrega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR-SPIN, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9747-1033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Basic Science Program, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0510-0524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuliano","family":"Benenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nonlinear and Complex Systems, Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell\u2019Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.129.1880","article-title":"Relaxation Phenomena in Spin and Harmonic Oscillator Systems","volume":"129","author":"Rau","year":"1963","journal-title":"Phys. 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