{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T10:03:43Z","timestamp":1775469823360,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Credit risk analysis (CRA) quantum algorithms aim at providing a quadratic speedup over classical analogous methods. Despite this, experts in the business domain have identified significant limitations in the existing approaches. Thus, we proposed a new variant of the CRA quantum algorithm to address these limitations. In particular, we improved the risk model for each asset in a portfolio by enabling it to consider multiple systemic risk factors, resulting in a more realistic and complex model for each asset\u2019s default probability. Additionally, we increased the flexibility of the loss-given-default input by removing the constraint of using only integer values, enabling the use of real data from the financial sector to establish fair benchmarking protocols. Furthermore, all proposed enhancements were tested both through classical simulation of quantum hardware and, for this new version of our work, also using QPUs from IBM Quantum Experience in order to provide a baseline for future research. Our proposed variant of the CRA quantum algorithm addresses the significant limitations of the current approach and highlights an increased cost in terms of circuit depth and width. In addition, it provides a path to a substantially more realistic software solution. Indeed, as quantum technology progresses, the proposed improvements will enable meaningful scales and useful results for the financial sector.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e25040593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T02:30:20Z","timestamp":1680229820000},"page":"593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A More General Quantum Credit Risk Analysis Framework"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5144-1514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Dri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica (DAUIN), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonello","family":"Aita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM Italia, 20090 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8371-6685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo","family":"Giusto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica (DAUIN), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Ricossa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intesa Sanpaolo, 10121 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Corbelletto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intesa Sanpaolo, 10121 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bartolomeo","family":"Montrucchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica (DAUIN), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Ugoccioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intesa Sanpaolo, 10121 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12002","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/2416\/1\/012002","article-title":"Towards practical Quantum Credit Risk Analysis","volume":"2416","author":"Dri","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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