{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T05:57:28Z","timestamp":1771912648929,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,16]],"date-time":"2023-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Greece exhibits the highest seismic activity in Europe, manifested in intense seismicity with large magnitude events and frequent earthquake swarms. In the present work, we analyzed the spatiotemporal properties of recent earthquake swarms that occurred in the broader area of Greece using the Non-Extensive Statistical Physics (NESP) framework, which appears suitable for studying complex systems. The behavior of complex systems, where multifractality and strong correlations among the elements of the system exist, as in tectonic and volcanic environments, can adequately be described by Tsallis entropy (Sq), introducing the Q-exponential function and the entropic parameter q that expresses the degree of non-additivity of the system. Herein, we focus the analysis on the 2007 Trichonis Lake, the 2016 Western Crete, the 2021\u20132022 Nisyros, the 2021\u20132022 Thiva and the 2022 Pagasetic Gulf earthquake swarms. Using the seismicity catalogs for each swarm, we investigate the inter-event time (T) and distance (D) distributions with the Q-exponential function, providing the qT and qD entropic parameters. The results show that qT varies from 1.44 to 1.58, whereas qD ranges from 0.46 to 0.75 for the inter-event time and distance distributions, respectively. Furthermore, we describe the frequency\u2013magnitude distributions with the Gutenberg\u2013Richter scaling relation and the fragment\u2013asperity model of earthquake interactions derived within the NESP framework. The results of the analysis indicate that the statistical properties of earthquake swarms can be successfully reproduced by means of NESP and confirm the complexity and non-additivity of the spatiotemporal evolution of seismicity. Finally, the superstatistics approach, which is closely connected to NESP and is based on a superposition of ordinary local equilibrium statistical mechanics, is further used to discuss the temporal patterns of the earthquake evolution during the swarms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e25040667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T02:26:02Z","timestamp":1681698362000},"page":"667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Complexity of Recent Earthquake Swarms in Greece in Terms of Non-Extensive Statistical Physics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Eirini","family":"Sardeli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Geophysics-Geothermics, Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0284-3867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Michas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Geophysics-Geothermics, Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Institute of Physics of Earth\u2019s Interior and Geohazards, UNESCO Chair on Solid Earth Physics and Geohazards Risk Reduction, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research & Innovation Center, 73133 Chania, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6935-5809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyriaki","family":"Pavlou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Geophysics-Geothermics, Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Institute of Physics of Earth\u2019s Interior and Geohazards, UNESCO Chair on Solid Earth Physics and Geohazards Risk Reduction, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research & Innovation Center, 73133 Chania, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filippos","family":"Vallianatos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Geophysics-Geothermics, Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Institute of Physics of Earth\u2019s Interior and Geohazards, UNESCO Chair on Solid Earth Physics and Geohazards Risk Reduction, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research & Innovation Center, 73133 Chania, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7423-2600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Karakonstantis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics of Earth\u2019s Interior and Geohazards, UNESCO Chair on Solid Earth Physics and Geohazards Risk Reduction, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research & Innovation Center, 73133 Chania, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2802-9070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Chatzopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics of Earth\u2019s Interior and Geohazards, UNESCO Chair on Solid Earth Physics and Geohazards Risk Reduction, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research & Innovation Center, 73133 Chania, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Mogi, K. 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