{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T15:09:48Z","timestamp":1775142588555,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sub-thems of Key and major special projects of scientific and technological innovation of Yinchuan Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["2021-SF-009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-SF-009"]}]},{"name":"Sub-thems of Key and major special projects of scientific and technological innovation of Yinchuan Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["NXYLXK2017A07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NXYLXK2017A07"]}]},{"name":"Plan for Leading Talents of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China","award":["2021-SF-009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-SF-009"]}]},{"name":"Plan for Leading Talents of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China","award":["NXYLXK2017A07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NXYLXK2017A07"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Team of Lidar Atmosphere Remote Sensing of Ningxia Province","award":["2021-SF-009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-SF-009"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Team of Lidar Atmosphere Remote Sensing of Ningxia Province","award":["NXYLXK2017A07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NXYLXK2017A07"]}]},{"name":"high-level talent selection and training plan of North Minzu University","award":["2021-SF-009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-SF-009"]}]},{"name":"high-level talent selection and training plan of North Minzu University","award":["NXYLXK2017A07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NXYLXK2017A07"]}]},{"name":"Ningxia First-Class Discipline and Scientific Research Projects (Electronic Science and Technology)","award":["2021-SF-009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-SF-009"]}]},{"name":"Ningxia First-Class Discipline and Scientific Research Projects (Electronic Science and Technology)","award":["NXYLXK2017A07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NXYLXK2017A07"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>ECG signal processing is an important basis for the prevention and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases; however, the signal is susceptible to noise interference mixed with equipment, environmental influences, and transmission processes. In this paper, an efficient denoising method based on the variational modal decomposition (VMD) algorithm combined with and optimized by the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) and singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm, named VMD\u2013SSA\u2013SVD, is proposed for the first time and applied to the noise reduction of ECG signals. SSA is used to find the optimal combination of parameters of VMD [K,\u03b1], VMD\u2013SSA decomposes the signal to obtain finite modal components, and the components containing baseline drift are eliminated by the mean value criterion. Then, the effective modalities are obtained in the remaining components using the mutual relation number method, and each effective modal is processed by SVD noise reduction and reconstructed separately to finally obtain a clean ECG signal. In order to verify the effectiveness, the methods proposed are compared and analyzed with wavelet packet decomposition, empirical mode decomposition (EMD), ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), and the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) algorithm. The results show that the noise reduction effect of the VMD\u2013SSA\u2013SVD algorithm proposed is the most significant, and that it can suppress the noise and remove the baseline drift interference at the same time, and effectively retain the morphological characteristics of the ECG signals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e25050775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T03:49:06Z","timestamp":1683690546000},"page":"775","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Novel ECG Signal Denoising Algorithm Based on Sparrow Search Algorithm for Optimal Variational Modal Decomposition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7381-4476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiandong","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, North Minzu University, North Wenchang Road, Yinchuan 750021, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Remote Sensing of Ningxia Province, North Wenchang Road, Yinchuan 750021, China"}]},{"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, North Minzu University, North Wenchang Road, Yinchuan 750021, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Remote Sensing of Ningxia Province, North Wenchang Road, Yinchuan 750021, China"}]},{"given":"Shun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, North Minzu University, North Wenchang Road, Yinchuan 750021, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Remote Sensing of Ningxia Province, North Wenchang Road, Yinchuan 750021, China"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, North Minzu University, North Wenchang Road, Yinchuan 750021, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Remote Sensing of Ningxia Province, North Wenchang Road, Yinchuan 750021, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Z.D., and Chen, Y.Q. 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