{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T06:54:38Z","timestamp":1779173678883,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China","award":["5108-202218280A-2-311-XG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5108-202218280A-2-311-XG"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China","award":["61903384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61903384"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5108-202218280A-2-311-XG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5108-202218280A-2-311-XG"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61903384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61903384"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To detect open circuit faults of grid-connected T-type inverters, this paper proposed a real-time method based on fast S transform and random forest. The three-phase fault currents of the inverter were used as the inputs of the new method and no additional sensors were needed. Some fault current harmonics and direct current components were selected as the fault features. Then, fast S transform was used to extract the features of fault currents, and random forest was used to recognize the features and the fault type, as well as locate the faulted switches. The simulation and experiments showed that the new method could detect open-circuit faults with low computation complexity and the detection accuracy was 100%. The real-time and accurate open circuit fault detection method was proven effective for grid-connected T-type inverter monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e25050778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T03:22:19Z","timestamp":1683775339000},"page":"778","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Open Circuit Fault Detection of T-Type Grid Connected Inverters Using Fast S Transform and Random Forest"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"You","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Grid Hubei Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430077, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zaixun","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Grid Hubei Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430077, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yibo","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Grid Hubei Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430077, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanli","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Grid Hubei Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430077, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shunfan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automation, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2017.2785078","article-title":"Multiple open-circuit fault diagnosis based on multistate data processing and subsection fluctuation analysis for photovoltaic inverter","volume":"67","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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