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It then demonstrates the important role the four elements play in the dynamics of complex systems by elaborating on their implications for cities as complex systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e25060872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T02:33:27Z","timestamp":1685414007000},"page":"872","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Schr\u00f6dinger\u2019s What is Life?\u2014Complexity, Cognition and the City"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Juval","family":"Portugali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and the Human Environment, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Geosciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Portugali, J. 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