{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:11:51Z","timestamp":1760148711840,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["21721003","12234019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21721003","12234019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Errors are inevitable in information processing and transfer. While error correction is widely studied in engineering, the underlying physics is not fully understood. Due to the complexity and energy exchange involved, information transmission should be considered as a nonequilibrium process. In this study, we investigate the effects of nonequilibrium dynamics on error correction using a memoryless channel model. Our findings suggest that error correction improves as nonequilibrium increases, and the thermodynamic cost can be utilized to improve the correction quality. Our results inspire new approaches to error correction that incorporate nonequilibrium dynamics and thermodynamics, and highlight the importance of the nonequilibrium effects in error correction design, particularly in biological systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e25060881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T04:40:51Z","timestamp":1685508051000},"page":"881","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Improvement of Error Correction in Nonequilibrium Information Dynamics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Theoretical Interdisciplinary Sciences, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Physics, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1950.tb00463.x","article-title":"Error Detecting and Error Correcting Codes","volume":"29","author":"Hamming","year":"1950","journal-title":"Bell Syst. 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