{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:15:54Z","timestamp":1760148954014,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2020YFB1806607","2022YFB2902204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFB1806607","2022YFB2902204"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing demand for end-to-end low-latency and high-reliability transmissions between edge computing nodes and user elements in 5G Advance edge networks has brought new challenges to the transmission of data. In response, this paper proposes LERMS, a packet-level encoding transmission scheme designed for untrusted 5GA edge networks that may encounter malicious transmission situations such as data tampering, discarding, and eavesdropping. LERMS achieves resiliency against such attacks by using 5GA Protocol data unit (PDU) coded Concurrent Multipath Transfer (CMT) based on Lagrangian interpolation and Raptor\u2019s two-layer coding, which provides redundancy to eliminate the impact of an attacker\u2019s malicious behavior. To mitigate the increased queuing delay resulting from encoding in data blocks, LERMS is queue-aware with variable block length. Its strategy is modeled as a Markov chain and optimized using a matrix method. Numerical results demonstrate that LERMS achieves the optimal trade-off between delay and reliability while providing resiliency against untrusted edge networks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e25070966","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]],"date-time":"2023-06-22T02:29:18Z","timestamp":1687400958000},"page":"966","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["LERMS: A Low-Latency and Reliable Downlink Packet-Level Encoding Transmission Method in Untrusted 5GA Edge Network"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Zhongfu","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Next-Generation Mobile Communication and Cyber Space Security, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinsheng","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological Research and Development Center, Zhengzhou 450000, China"},{"name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories: Networking, Communications and Security, Nanjing 211111, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Next-Generation Mobile Communication and Cyber Space Security, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingyan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Next-Generation Mobile Communication and Cyber Space Security, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Next-Generation Mobile Communication and Cyber Space Security, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhimo","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Next-Generation Mobile Communication and Cyber Space Security, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deqiang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Next-Generation Mobile Communication and Cyber Space Security, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Next-Generation Mobile Communication and Cyber Space Security, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022). 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