{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T10:57:36Z","timestamp":1768733856147,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea, the National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["NRF-2020R1A2C1005334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1A2C1005334"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Increasing wealth inequality is a significant global issue that demands attention. While the distribution of wealth varies across countries based on their economic stages, there is a universal trend observed in the distribution function. Typically, regions with lower wealth values exhibit an exponential distribution, while regions with higher wealth values demonstrate a power-law distribution. In this review, we introduce measures that effectively capture wealth inequality and examine wealth distribution functions within the wealth exchange model. Drawing inspiration from the field of econophysics, wealth exchange resulting from economic activities is likened to a kinetic model, where molecules collide and exchange energy. Within this framework, two agents exchange a specific amount of wealth. As we delve into the analysis, we investigate the impact of various factors such as tax collection, debt allowance, and savings on the wealth distribution function when wealth is exchanged. These factors play a crucial role in shaping the dynamics of wealth distribution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e25081129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T01:51:47Z","timestamp":1690509107000},"page":"1129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Emergence of Inequality in Income and Wealth Dynamics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Changhee","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea"}]},{"given":"Jihun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea"}]},{"given":"Biseko Juma","family":"Mafwele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea"}]},{"given":"Quang Anh","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea"}]},{"given":"Hye Jin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea"}]},{"given":"Jae Woo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Advanced Computational Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"437","article-title":"Cours d\u2019economie politique","volume":"6","author":"Pareto","year":"1898","journal-title":"J. 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