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Commonly, a symmetric MDI-QKD model is widely used in simulations and experiments. This scenario is far from a real quantum network, where the losses of channels connecting each user are quite different. To adapt such a feature, an asymmetric MDI-QKD model is proposed. How to improve the performance of asymmetric MDI-QKD also becomes an important research direction. In this work, an advantage distillation (AD) method is applied to further improve the performance of asymmetric MDI-QKD without changing the original system structure. Simulation results show that the AD method can improve the secret key rate and transmission distance, especially in the highly asymmetric cases. Therefore, this scheme will greatly promote the development of future MDI-QKD networks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e25081174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T06:37:31Z","timestamp":1691390251000},"page":"1174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Asymmetric Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution through Advantage Distillation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Kailu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Quantum Information and Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"},{"name":"\u201cBroadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology\u201d Key Lab of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"},{"name":"\u201cTelecommunication and Networks\u201d National Engineering Research Center, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Quantum Information and Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"},{"name":"\u201cBroadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology\u201d Key Lab of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"},{"name":"\u201cTelecommunication and Networks\u201d National Engineering Research Center, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huajian","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Quantum Information and Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"},{"name":"\u201cBroadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology\u201d Key Lab of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"},{"name":"\u201cTelecommunication and Networks\u201d National Engineering Research Center, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8965-8009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Quantum Information and Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"},{"name":"\u201cBroadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology\u201d Key Lab of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"},{"name":"\u201cTelecommunication and Networks\u201d National Engineering Research Center, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunhui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Quantum Information and Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"},{"name":"\u201cBroadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology\u201d Key Lab of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"},{"name":"\u201cTelecommunication and Networks\u201d National Engineering Research Center, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6314-4250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Quantum Information and Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"},{"name":"\u201cBroadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology\u201d Key Lab of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"},{"name":"\u201cTelecommunication and Networks\u201d National Engineering Research Center, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Bennett, C.H., and Brassard, G. 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