{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T10:45:48Z","timestamp":1785149148629,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The rapid advancement of wireless communication combined with insufficient spectrum exploitation opens the door for the expansion of novel wireless services. Cognitive radio network (CRN) technology makes it possible to periodically access the open spectrum bands, which in turn improves the effectiveness of CRNs. Spectrum sensing (SS), which allows unauthorized users to locate open spectrum bands, plays a fundamental part in CRNs. A precise approximation of the power spectrum is essential to accomplish this. On the assumption that each SU\u2019s parameter vector contains some globally and partially shared parameters, spectrum sensing is viewed as a parameter estimation issue. Distributed and cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) is a key component of this concept. This work introduces a new component-specific cooperative spectrum sensing model (CSCSSM) in CRNs considering the amplitude and phase components of the input signal including Component Specific Adaptive Estimation (CSAE) for mean squared deviation (MSD) formulation. The proposed concept ensures minimum information loss compared to the traditional methods that consider error calculation among the direct signal vectors. The experimental results and performance analysis prove the robustness and efficiency of the proposed work over the traditional methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e25091285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T11:45:51Z","timestamp":1693482351000},"page":"1285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Spectrum Sensing Based on Hybrid Spectrum Handoff in Cognitive Radio Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Lakshminarayanan","family":"Vaduganathan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi 642003, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8447-5246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shubhangi","family":"Neware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management, Nagpur 440013, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8920-6969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Falkowski-Gilski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11\/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3997-5070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parameshachari Bidare","family":"Divakarachari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 560064, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41298","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2976483","article-title":"Energy efficiency under double deck relay assistance on cluster cooperative spectrum sensing in hybrid spectrum sharing","volume":"8","author":"Nkalango","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2014.2311653","article-title":"Novel spiral antenna design using artificial bee colony optimization for UHF RFID Applications","volume":"13","author":"Goudos","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. 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