{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T01:45:27Z","timestamp":1772847927182,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Commission Foundation of Shanghai","award":["21511101400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21511101400"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Commission Foundation of Shanghai","award":["22511100600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22511100600"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Commission Foundation of Shanghai","award":["21XD1433700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21XD1433700"]}]},{"name":"Program of Shanghai Academic\/Technology Research Leader","award":["21511101400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21511101400"]}]},{"name":"Program of Shanghai Academic\/Technology Research Leader","award":["22511100600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22511100600"]}]},{"name":"Program of Shanghai Academic\/Technology Research Leader","award":["21XD1433700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21XD1433700"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) providing additional on-demand communication and computing services have become a promising technology. However, the limited energy supply of UAVs, which constrains their service duration, has emerged as an obstacle in UAV-enabled networks. In this context, a novel task offloading framework is proposed in UAV-enabled mobile edge computing (MEC) networks. Specifically, heterogeneous UAVs with different communication and computing capabilities are considered and the energy consumption of UAVs is minimized via jointly optimizing user association and UAV deployment. The optimal transport theory is introduced to analyze the user association sub-problem, and the UAV deployment for each sub-region is determined by a dragonfly algorithm (DA). Simulation results show that the energy consumption performance is significantly improved by the proposed algorithm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e25091304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T09:51:37Z","timestamp":1694080297000},"page":"1304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Joint User Association and Deployment Optimization for Energy-Efficient Heterogeneous UAV-Enabled MEC Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Zihao","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China"},{"name":"School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7152-1378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China"}]},{"given":"Honglin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.1900246","article-title":"Intelligent Spectrum Sensing: When Reinforcement Learning Meets Automatic Repeat Sensing in 5G Communications","volume":"27","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. 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