{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T10:23:15Z","timestamp":1783592595175,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000181","name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FA9550-22-1-0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA9550-22-1-0005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000181","name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FA9550-23-1-0258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA9550-23-1-0258"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This exploratory study investigates a human agent\u2019s evolving judgements of reliability when interacting with an AI system. Two aims drove this investigation: (1) compare the predictive performance of quantum vs. Markov random walk models regarding human reliability judgements of an AI system and (2) identify a neural correlate of the perturbation of a human agent\u2019s judgement of the AI\u2019s reliability. As AI becomes more prevalent, it is important to understand how humans trust these technologies and how trust evolves when interacting with them. A mixed-methods experiment was developed for exploring reliability calibration in human\u2013AI interactions. The behavioural data collected were used as a baseline to assess the predictive performance of the quantum and Markov models. We found the quantum model to better predict the evolving reliability ratings than the Markov model. This may be due to the quantum model being more amenable to represent the sometimes pronounced within-subject variability of reliability ratings. Additionally, a clear event-related potential response was found in the electroencephalographic (EEG) data, which is attributed to the expectations of reliability being perturbed. The identification of a trust-related EEG-based measure opens the door to explore how it could be used to adapt the parameters of the quantum model in real time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e25091362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T21:26:32Z","timestamp":1695245192000},"page":"1362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A Quantum Model of Trust Calibration in Human\u2013AI Interactions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8828-894X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Roeder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Systems, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5021-7000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela","family":"Hoyte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Systems, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2737-2691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"van der Meer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Systems, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Fell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Systems, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7999-0534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Bruza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Systems, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2018.07.007","article-title":"Explanation in artificial intelligence: Insights from the social sciences","volume":"267","author":"Miller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Artif. 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