{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:30:15Z","timestamp":1767339015076,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62061136005","2021A1515011801","GZ1391","M-0044","JSGG20210802154541021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62061136005","2021A1515011801","GZ1391","M-0044","JSGG20210802154541021"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["62061136005","2021A1515011801","GZ1391","M-0044","JSGG20210802154541021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62061136005","2021A1515011801","GZ1391","M-0044","JSGG20210802154541021"]}]},{"name":"Sino-German Cooperation Group","award":["62061136005","2021A1515011801","GZ1391","M-0044","JSGG20210802154541021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62061136005","2021A1515011801","GZ1391","M-0044","JSGG20210802154541021"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Research Program","award":["62061136005","2021A1515011801","GZ1391","M-0044","JSGG20210802154541021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62061136005","2021A1515011801","GZ1391","M-0044","JSGG20210802154541021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Digital watermarking technology is an important means to effectively protect three-dimensional (3D) model data. Among them, \u201cblind detection\u201d and \u201crobustness\u201d are key and difficult points in the current research of digital watermarking technology based on 3D models. In order to realize the blind detection of a watermark and improve its robustness against various common attacks at the same time, this paper proposes a dual blind watermarking method based on the normal feature of the centroid of first-ring neighboring points. The local spherical coordinate system is constructed by calculating two different normal vectors, and the first pattern watermark and the second random binary sequence watermark are embedded, respectively. The experimental results show that this method can not only realize the blind detection of dual watermarks, but also have the ability to resist common attacks such as translation, rotation, scaling, cropping, simplification, smoothing, noise, and vertex reordering to a certain extent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e25101369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T10:36:26Z","timestamp":1695551786000},"page":"1369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Dual Blind Watermarking Method for 3D Models Based on Normal Features"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Qijian","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and System of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanfei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and System of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qilei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technology Department, Heyuan Shenzhen University Bay Institute, Heyuan 517099, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenqi","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and System of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and System of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Cox, I.J., Miller, M., and Bloom, J. 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