{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:34:06Z","timestamp":1760150046529,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["001","311612\/2021-0","301500\/2018-5","2019\/11999-5","2021\/04672-0","465469\/2014-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001","311612\/2021-0","301500\/2018-5","2019\/11999-5","2021\/04672-0","465469\/2014-0"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["001","311612\/2021-0","301500\/2018-5","2019\/11999-5","2021\/04672-0","465469\/2014-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001","311612\/2021-0","301500\/2018-5","2019\/11999-5","2021\/04672-0","465469\/2014-0"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","award":["001","311612\/2021-0","301500\/2018-5","2019\/11999-5","2021\/04672-0","465469\/2014-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001","311612\/2021-0","301500\/2018-5","2019\/11999-5","2021\/04672-0","465469\/2014-0"]}]},{"name":"Goi\u00e1s State Research Support Foundation (FAPEG)","award":["001","311612\/2021-0","301500\/2018-5","2019\/11999-5","2021\/04672-0","465469\/2014-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001","311612\/2021-0","301500\/2018-5","2019\/11999-5","2021\/04672-0","465469\/2014-0"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology for Quantum Information (INCT-IQ\/CNPq)","award":["001","311612\/2021-0","301500\/2018-5","2019\/11999-5","2021\/04672-0","465469\/2014-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001","311612\/2021-0","301500\/2018-5","2019\/11999-5","2021\/04672-0","465469\/2014-0"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We studied the thermodynamic properties such as the entropy, heat (JQ), and work (JW) rates involved when an atom passes through a Ramsey zone, which consists of a mode field inside a low-quality factor cavity that behaves classically, promoting rotations on the atomic state. Focusing on the atom, we show that JW predominates when the atomic rotations are successful, maintaining its maximum purity as computed by the von Neumann entropy. Conversely, JQ stands out when the atomic state ceases to be pure due to its entanglement with the cavity mode. With this, we interpret the quantum-to-classical transition in light of the heat and work rates. Besides, we show that, for the cavity mode to work as a Ramsey zone (classical field), several photons (of the order of 106) need to cross the cavity, which explains its classical behavior, even when the inside average number of photons is of the order of unity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e25101430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T06:14:04Z","timestamp":1696918444000},"page":"1430","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Thermodynamics of the Ramsey Zone"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1133-6012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rog\u00e9rio Jorge","family":"de Assis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de F\u00edsica, Universidade Federal de Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia 74690-900, GO, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ciro Micheletti","family":"Diniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norton Gomes","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de F\u00edsica, Universidade Federal de Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia 74690-900, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celso Jorge","family":"Villas-B\u00f4as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.76.1800","article-title":"Quantum Rabi Oscillation: A Direct Test of Field Quantization in a Cavity","volume":"76","author":"Brune","year":"1996","journal-title":"Phys. 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