{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T05:59:06Z","timestamp":1783231146740,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente)","award":["DN. 1553 11.10.2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DN. 1553 11.10.2022"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of University and Research (MUR), National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP)","award":["DN. 1553 11.10.2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DN. 1553 11.10.2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Continuous adaptations of the movement system to changing environments or task demands rely on superposed fractal processes exhibiting power laws, that is, multifractality. The estimators of the multifractal spectrum potentially reflect the adaptive use of perception, cognition, and action. To observe time-specific behavior in multifractal dynamics, a multiscale multifractal analysis based on DFA (MFMS-DFA) has been recently proposed and applied to cardiovascular dynamics. Here we aimed at evaluating whether MFMS-DFA allows identifying multiscale structures in the dynamics of human movements. Thirty-six (12 females) participants pedaled freely, after a metronomic initiation of the cadence at 60 rpm, against a light workload for 10 min: in reference to cycling (C), cycling while playing \u201cTetris\u201d on a computer, alone (CT) or collaboratively (CTC) with another pedaling participant. Pedal revolution periods (PRP) series were examined with MFMS-DFA and compared to linearized surrogates, which attested to a presence of multifractality at almost all scales. A marked alteration in multifractality when playing Tetris was evidenced at two scales, \u03c4 \u2248 16 and \u03c4 \u2248 64 s, yet less marked at \u03c4 \u2248 16 s when playing collaboratively. Playing Tetris in collaboration attenuated these alterations, especially in the best Tetris players. This observation suggests the high sensitivity to cognitive demand of MFMS-DFA estimators, extending to the assessment of skill\/demand interplay from individual behavior. So, by identifying scale-dependent multifractal structures in movement dynamics, MFMS-DFA has obvious potential for examining brain-movement coordinative structures, likely with sufficient sensitivity to find echo in diagnosing disorders and monitoring the progress of diseases that affect cognition and movement control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e26020148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T09:00:02Z","timestamp":1707382802000},"page":"148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Multifractal Multiscale Analysis of Human Movements during Cognitive Tasks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8924-8234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Faini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20149 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Electronics Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent M.","family":"Arsac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire IMS, UMR 5218, 33405 Talence, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9244-9862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronique","family":"Deschodt-Arsac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire IMS, UMR 5218, 33405 Talence, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8775-2605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Castiglioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2013.01.008","article-title":"Multifractal Formalisms of Human Behavior","volume":"32","author":"Ihlen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. 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