{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T03:03:21Z","timestamp":1777691001154,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Harvard Quantum Initiative"},{"name":"Harvard College Research Program"},{"name":"Emil Aaltonen Foundation"},{"name":"Vaisala Foundation"},{"name":"Oskar Huttunen Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent theoretical investigations have revealed unconventional transport mechanisms within high Brillouin zones of two-dimensional superlattices. Electrons can navigate along channels we call superwires, gently guided without brute force confinement. Such dynamical confinement is caused by weak superlattice deflections, markedly different from the static or energetic confinement observed in traditional wave guides or one-dimensional electron wires. The quantum properties of superwires give rise to elastic dynamical tunneling, linking disjoint regions of the corresponding classical phase space, and enabling the emergence of several parallel channels. This paper provides the underlying theory and mechanisms that facilitate dynamical tunneling assisted by chaos in periodic lattices. Moreover, we show that the mechanism of dynamical tunneling can be effectively conceptualized through the lens of a paraxial approximation. Our results further reveal that superwires predominantly exist within flat bands, emerging from eigenstates that represent linear combinations of conventional degenerate Bloch states. Finally, we quantify tunneling rates across various lattice configurations and demonstrate that tunneling can be suppressed in a controlled fashion, illustrating potential implications in future nanodevices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e26060492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T05:59:42Z","timestamp":1717567182000},"page":"492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Chaos-Assisted Dynamical Tunneling in Flat Band Superwires"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0573-8907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton M.","family":"Graf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3862-5468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"},{"name":"Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1016-1876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"MyeongSeo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"},{"name":"Harvard College, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7906-4407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joonas","family":"Keski-Rahkonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8299-0196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alvar","family":"Daza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"},{"name":"Nonlinear Dynamics, Chaos and Complex Systems Group, Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Tulip\u00e1n s\/n, 28933 Mostoles, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5398-0861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric J.","family":"Heller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-020-2945-z","article-title":"Electronics based on two-dimensional materials: Status and outlook","volume":"14","author":"Zeng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1021\/nn3059828","article-title":"Twisting bilayer graphene superlattices","volume":"7","author":"Lu","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-020-00840-0","article-title":"Graphene bilayers with a twist","volume":"19","author":"Andrei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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